1. war is peace, freedom is slavery, ignorance is strength. the three slogans are antonyms to us.
2.Newspeak is the official language of Oceania. It's purpose was two things: one was to provide a medium of expression for the world-view and mental habits proper to the devotees of Ingsoc and two, make all other modes of thought impossible. A-everyday words B-political words (compound words) C-scientific and technical terms
3. They need to keep their vocabulary as little as possible, weeding out all of the antonyms and synonyms so they can't express themselves as much. The less they know is better. An example is from page 28: "The thing that now suddenly struck Winston was that his mother’s death, nearly thirty years ago, had been tragic and sorrowful in a way that was no longer possible. Tragedy, he perceived, belonged to the ancient time, to a time when there were still privacy, love, and friendship, and when the members of a family stood by one another without needing to know the reason. His mother’s memory tore at his heart because she had died loving him, when he was too young and selfish to lover her in return, and because somehow, he did not remember how, she had sacrificed herself to a conception of loyalty that was private and unalterable. Such things, he saw, could not happen today. Today there was fear, hatred, and pain, but no dignity of emotion, or deep or complex sorrows." This passage shows the comparison of what life used to be like to what it is now and how they used to be able to love and have friendships. Now family doesn't matter and people aren't there for eachother without reason or logic.
4. The Party is able to manipulate the past because they have control of the present. They do not let anyone keep records of their past such as documents or photos. This makes people believe whatever the Party wants them to believe because their memories become unreliable.
The Party not only controls the minds of people, but of every source of information there is.
5. Two minutes of hate.